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R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 17, n. 66, p. 93 - 113, set - dez. 2014
105
O tratado internacional que tem maior relevo no desenvolvimento
dos trabalhos nesse órgão de solução das controvérsias é a Convenção
para o Estabelecimento de Conflitos sobre Investimento entre Estados e
Nacionais de Outros Estados (
Convention on the Settlement of Investment
Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States
), em vigor desde 14
de outubro de 1966, a partir do momento em que atingiu a marca de vin-
te Estados ratificantes. No início deste século, afirmou-se que já era maior
que cento e quarenta o número de Estados ratificantes deste tratado, o que
certamente o fez alcançar a quase totalidade da Sociedade Internacional
23
.
Todavia, por ter a estrutura de uma corte arbitral internacional, o IC-
SID possui regulamentos específicos para os procedimentos iniciados em seu
interior. Nesse sentido, existem três diplomas de grande importância para os
estudos sobre este organismo internacional: o Regulamento para Instituição
dos Procedimentos de Conciliação e Arbitragem (
Rules of Procedure for Insti-
tution of Conciliation and Arbitration Proceedings
), o Regulamento para Con-
ciliações (
Rules of Procedure for Conciliation Proceedings
) e o Regulamento
para Arbitragens (
Rules of Procedure for Arbitration Proceedings
).
Em linhas gerais, verifica-se que o
Tribunal
, enquanto órgão interno
de maior envergadura na estrutura do ICSID, tem a faculdade de decidir
a controvérsia por meio do sistema da Arbitragem de Direito ou da Arbi-
tragem de Equidade, conforme preceitua o artigo 42 do tratado constitu-
tivo de 1966, retromencionado
24
. Conforme os ditames do Direito Inter-
nacional Econômico, o procedimento de arbitragem no Tribunal do ICSID
é deveras simplificado, afastando institutos típicos do Direito Processual,
como a revelia, de acordo com o artigo 45 da Convenção
25
.
23
“The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID or the Centre) is established by the Conven-
tion on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (the ICSID Convention or
the Convention). The Convention was formulated by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (the World Bank). On March 18, 1965, the Executive Directors submitted the Convention, with an
accompanying Report, to member governments of the World Bank for their consideration of the Convention with a view
to its signature and ratification. The Convention entered into force on October, 14, 1966, when it hád been ratified by
20 countries. As at April 10, 2006, 143 countries have ratified the Convention to become Contracting States”
(
Interna-
tional Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
ICSID Convention, Regulations and Rules
. EUA: ICSID, 2006, p. 5).
24
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Dispute between States and Nationals of Other States
, Artigo 42:
“(1) The Tribunal shall decide a dispute in accordance with such rules of law as may be agreed by the parties. In the
absence of such agreement, the Tribunal shall apply the law of the contracting State party to the dispute (including
its rules on the conflict of laws) and such rules of international law as may be applicable. (2) The Tribunal may not
bring in a finding of non liquet on the ground of silence or obscurity of the law. (3) The provisions of paragraphs (1)
and (2) shall not prejudice the power of the Tribunal to decide a dispute ex aequo et bono if the parties so agree”
.
25
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Dispute between States and Nationals of Other States
, Artigo
45:
“
(1) Failure of a party to appear or to present his case shall not be deemed an admission of the other party’s
assertions. (2) If a party fails to appear or to present his case at any stage of the proceedings the other party may
request the Tribunal to deal with the questions submitted to it and to render an award. Before rendering an award,
the Tribunal shall notify, and grant a period of grace to, the party failing to appear or to present its case, unless it is
satisfied that that party does not intend to do so”.