Direito em Movimento - Volume 19 - Número 1 - 1º semestre - 2021

94 Direito em Movimento, Rio de Janeiro, v. 19 - n. 1, p. 81-107, 1º sem. 2021 ARTIGOS ch and right of association, 35 and in South Africa protecting the ‘civic dignity’ of voting rights and other rights associated with the political process. 36 In some countries it is also associated with socio-economic jus- tice including pensions in Germany, 37 health care in Colombia, 38 travel in India, (MANEKA GHANDI V. UNION OF INDIA, 1978) and a clean and stable environment in Nigeria. 39 In Israel, it is a ‘mother right’ whose ‘daughters’ include the right of family unity as well as the right of prisoners to be treated humanely, among many other rights (GOLAN, 1996) while in Pakistan a narrow textual recognition of dignity has been interpreted as protecting the right to be treated as a person, and to be protected from discrimination. 40 4 DIGNITY AND SUSTAINABILITY In understanding the role of dignity and sustainability, it is helpful to begin with recognizing that the concept of human dignity is no stranger to the development of environmental law. 41 International law already ackno- wledges that the right to human dignity embeds a right to live in a quality environment. The 1972 Stockholm Declaration 42 – largely viewed as the origin of modern global environmental law – recognizes the ‘fundamental 35 Asociación Lucha por la Identidad Travesti-Transexual v. Inspección General de Justicia, Argentina Supreme Court of Justice (21 November 2006), available at <https://www.icj.org/sogicasebook/asociacion-luchapor-la- -identidad-travesti-transexual-v-inspeccion-general-de-just<icia-argentina-supreme-court-ofjustice-21-novem- ber-2006/> (visited 10 May 2020). 36 August and Another v Electoral Commission and Others (CCT8/99) [1999] ZACC 3; 1999 (3) SA 1; 1999 (4) BCLR 363 (1 April 1999), available at <http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/1999/3.html> (visited 10 May 2020). 37 BVerfG, Judgment of the First Senate of 09 February 2010, 1 BvL 1/09, paras 1-220, available at <http:// www.bverfg.de/e/ls20100209_1bvl000109en.html> (visited 10 May 2020). 38 Sentencia T-292/09 (Constitutional Court of Colombia), available at <http://www.corteconstitucional. gov. co/relatoria/2009/T-292-09.htm> (visited 6 February 2019). 39 Gbemre v Shell Petroleum Development Company Nigeria Limited and Others (2005) AHRLR 151 (NgHC 2005). 40 Ameen Masih v. Federation of Pakistan, Lahore High Court, Case No: W.P. No.623/2016, available at <https:// delawarelaw.widener.edu/files/resources/ameenmasiha.pdf> (visited 10 May 2020). See, generally, James R. May and Erin Daly, Human Dignity and Environmental Outcomes in Pakistan, 10 Pakistan Law Review (2019) 1-28. 41 See Erin Daly and James R. May, ‘Environmental Dignity Rights’ in Sandrine Maljean-Dubois (ed.), The Effec- tiveness of Environmental Law (Intersentia, 2017) 125-148; James R. May and Erin Daly, ‘Bridging Constitutional Dignity and Environmental Rights Jurisprudence’, 7(2) Journal of Human Rights and the Environment (2016) 218-242 at 234; Dina Townsend, ‘Taking Dignity Seriously: A Dignity Approach to Environmental Disputes before Human Rights Courts’, 6(2) Journal of Human Rights and the Environment (2015) 204–225. 42 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 16 June 1972, UN Doc. A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1 (1973), 11 International Legal Materials (1972) 1416.