Direito em Movimento - Volume 19 - Número 1 - 1º semestre - 2021

89 Direito em Movimento, Rio de Janeiro, v. 19 - n. 1, p. 81-107, 1º sem. 2021 ARTIGOS lead, the seeds of universal dignity were sown. (HARPER & ROW, 1964), (LIBERTY CLASSICS, 1987), (P. F. COLLIER & SON COMPANY, 1938); (ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL, 1977). 17 Many Eastern tra- ditions reflected congruent considerations of human dignity. (BRÜNING, 2013, p. 150-175). Twentieth century philosophers, including Hannah ARENDT (1949, p. 24-36). and Ronald Dworkin (2011 and 2018), also drew attention to the place of dignity in the human experience, now as an inherent and truly universal concept. As understood in modern times, dignity has six interconnected ele- ments. First, each person – every member of the human family – has value; no one can be dismissed, ignored, mistreated, or abused as if their humanity means nothing. Dignity stands for the proposition that each person’s huma- nity means something and has worth. Each person has a right to live as if his or her life matters and to be treated ‘as a person’. (DALY & MAY, 2016). Second, each person’s worth is equal to every other person’s. As we have noted elsewhere, No one’s life is more important than any other person’s. If each person’s right to agency, to self-development, to choose one’s life course is the same as every other’s, then no one can determine ano- ther person’s choices, treat another as an object, or treat a person as if his or her life does not matter. Despite our differences, in our humanity, we are all equal. It is in dignity that we are united. (DALY & MAY, 2016). Third, dignity inheres in the human person.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 18 defines the scope in time and space: it applies to every 17 Immanuel Kant, ‘Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals’ translated and analysed by Herbert James Paton (Harper & Row, 1964). See further, David Hume, ‘Of the dignity or meanness of human nature’ in Eugene F. Mil- ler (ed. with a Foreword, Notes and Glossary), Essays Moral, Political and Literary (revised ed., Liberty Classics, 1987) 80–86; Jean Jacques Rousseau, ‘Discourse on Inequality’ in Charles W. Eliot (ed.), French and English Philosophers. Descartes, Rousseau, Voltaire, Hobbes (P. F. Collier & Son Company, 1938); John Stuart Mill, ‘On Liberty’ in John M. Robson (ed.), Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Vol XVIII: Essays on Politics and Society (University of Toronto Press and Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977). 18 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Paris, 10 December 1948, <http://www.ohchr.org/ EN/ UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf> (visited 10 May 2020).