Direito em Movimento - Volume 18 - Número 3 - Edição Especial

178 Direito em Movimento, Rio de Janeiro, v. 18 - n. 3, p. 176-198, 2020 - Ed. Especial ARTIGOS (IPEA, 2015; FERRAZ, 2016; FERRARI, 2017). Her study, supported by many visual images, explores how mobile courts advance the effective imple- mentation of constitutional and procedural values that lie, or should lie, at the heart of Brazilian democracy (CARVALHO, 2013; HOLSTON, 2013). I suspect Prof Baldez would be pleased to see that judges today are deeply committed to maintaining the rule of law and to ensuring that the Brazilian justice system can effectively reach out, and touch, all citizens - and especially the ‘have-nots’. But, given his political orientation and membership of the ‘alternative law movement’, Prof Baldez might also ask whether progress to date is sufficient, particularly in relation to collective legal action, and what alternatives need to be considered. (BALDEZ, 2005). 3 If I may, I too wish to raise questions about the future scope of itinerant adjudication, legal service provision and the role of judges in leading change. 2. ISSUES EMERGING FROM HISTORICAL AND COMPARATI- VE PRECEDENTS FOR ‘ITINERANT JUSTICE’ I begin by looking briefly at historical and foreign experience and ex- plain my personal interest in legal service provision for remote areas.What lessons emerge that might inform future developments? But first I wish to be clear about the definitional issue of what exactly is meant by ‘itinerant justice’ (IJ). In Brazil, it seems no single, standard model for IJ prevails, which reflects the historical fact that mobile courts are creatures of individual judicial, and not executive, initiative. 4 For an audience of judges, IJ will no doubt be understood as being confined to mobile courts, but even here a number of different terms are in use: Ex- presso da Alegria, Justiça das Comunidades, Justiça Rápida, Juizado Especial Volante etc. (GAULIA, 2020, p. 199). That said, the concept of ‘itinerancy’ has in Brazil spread beyond the courts to include public defenders (some States now have a Defensoria Pública Itinerante) and also some, but not all, 3 See also CARVALHO (2005). 4 Such as judges José Luciano de Assis (Amapá), James Tubenchlak (Rio de Janeiro), Rosevelt Queiroz (Rondô- nia), Kiyochi Mori (Rondônia), Sueli Pini (Amapá), Erick Linhares (Roraima) and Ciro Darlan (Rio de Janeiro), who were the driving force behind the introduction of mobile courts (GAULIA, 2020).